Drum and bass

Drum and Bass
Καταγωγή	Oldschool jungle, techno, breakbeat hardcore, darkcore, industrial, ηλεκτρονικό rock, electronica, μουσική house breakbeat
Τόπος γέννησης	Αρχές/μέσα δεκαετίας 1990· Μπρίστολ και Λονδίνο, Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο
Μουσικά όργανα	synthsizer, drum machine, ντραμς, πλήκτρα, sampler, υπολογιστής, digital audio workstation
Συναφή είδη	Breakcore, digital hardcore, raggacore, technoid
Είδη
	Darkstep, hardstep, atmospheric, drumfunk, funkstep, jazzstep, dancefloor, jump up, drumstep, liquid funk, neurofunk, techstep, intelligent jungle/drum and bass, sambass
	π; σ; ε;

Η ντραμ εντ μπέις (αγγλικά: drum and bass· γνωστή και ως drum 'n' bass, drum & bass ή, συντομογραφημένα, D&Β, DnB και D'n'B) είναι είδος ηλεκτρονικής μουσικής που αναδείχτηκε στη Βρετανία από τη ρέιβ σκηνή στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του 1990.^[1] Η μουσική drum and bass στο σύνολό της χαρακτηρίζεται από γρήγορους ρυθμικούς χτύπους (κατ’ εξοχήν 160-180 χτύπους ανά λεπτό),^[2]^[3] με ισχυρά μπάσα και υπο-μπάσα.^[4]^[5] Αποτελεί τον άμεσο διάδοχο της jungle μουσικής,^[6] με την οποία θεωρούνται κατ' άλλους απλώς συγγενή^[7]^[8] και κατ' άλλους συνώνυμα^[8]^[9]^[10]^[5] είδη.

Ο ήχος της drum and bass, εξαιτίας του ευρέος φάσματος συχνοτήτων που χρησιμοποιείται για την παραγωγή του, απαιτεί ιδιαίτερα ισχυρό ηχοσύστημα για την πλήρη αναπαραγωγή του.^[9] Το μπάσο μαζί με τα ντραμς αποτελούν τα κυριότερα στοιχεία του είδους. Κατά την παραγωγή drum and bass κομματιών, η δομή τους διαμορφώνεται έτσι από τους καλλιτέχνες, ώστε η μουσική να επικεντρώνεται κατά πολύ περισσότερο σε αυτά τα δύο μουσικά στοιχεία σε σύγκριση με άλλα ηλεκτρονικά χορευτικά είδη μουσικής.^[10]

↑ Quinn (2002), σελ. 1: «From its emergence in the English hardcore rave scene of 1991-2, the music that came to be known as drum’n’bass evolved at such a pace that by the late 1990s it stood as one of the most energetic and influential of the post-house musics».
↑ Hockman (2012), σελ. 1: «Hardcore began around 1990, and was the first of the HJDB (hardcore, jungle, drum and bass) genres to fully embrace the use of breakbeats. Tracks soon left the 120–130 beats per minute (BPM) house and techno standard and steadily became faster (upwards of 180 BPM), with longer, more intricate drum patterns».
↑ Christodoulou (2013), σελ. 195: «Drum ‘n’ bass is an electronic dance music genre with tempos typically between 160 BPM to 180 BPM».
↑ «Jungle/Drum'n'Bass Music Genre Overview». AllMusic (στα Αγγλικά). Ανακτήθηκε στις 9 Δεκεμβρίου 2018. Jungle is the most rhythmically complex of all forms of techno, relying on extremely fast polyrhythms and breakbeats. Usually, it's entirely instrumental -- it is among the hardest of all hardcore techno, often consisting of nothing but fast drum machines and deep bass.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 Peter Childs· Michael Storry (1999). «Ambient music». Encyclopaedia of Contemporary British Culture. Encyclopedias of Contemporary Culture. Λήμμα από τον Simon Bottom. Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο: Routledge. σελ. 289. ISBN 0415147263. Jungle is a form of dance music characterized by the use of high-speed (usually around 160 beats per minute), highly syncopated drums and simple looped bass lines [...] Jungle (sometimes also known as ‘drum ’n’ bass’)...».
↑ Hall (2018), σελ. 121: «From 1993, the term ‘drum ‘n’ bass’ started to be used to describe a new direction for the musical style, which was a move that would come to be seen by some as divisive in terms of race and class. The new style became fully established during 1994 as some producers tried to distance themselves from jungle’s increasingly negative associations by constructing complex drum and bass driven tracks rather than using lyrics and samples».
↑ Rabb (2001), σελ. 13: «Even though these styles are similar, they do have their differences. The difference between jungle and drum 'n' bass is fairly simple. Jungle is more random and syncopated using sixteenth notes within the groove. Drum 'n' bass grooves are much simpler grooves and usually slightly slower in tempo».
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 Waugh (2000), σελ. 3, 11: «Is it Jungle or is it Drum & Bass? The two terms are often used interchangeably although Drum & Bass is generally regarded as an offshoot of Jungle». Σφάλμα αναφοράς: Μη έγκυρη ετικέτα <ref> • όνομα " FOOTNOTEWaugh20003, 11 " ορίζεται πολλές φορές με διαφορετικό περιεχόμενο
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 Jones (2006), σελ. 33: «Even though these styles are similar, they do have their differences. The difference between jungle and drum 'n' bass is fairly simple. Jungle is more random and syncopated using sixteenth notes within the groove. Drum 'n' bass grooves are much simpler grooves and usually slightly slower in tempo». Σφάλμα αναφοράς: Μη έγκυρη ετικέτα <ref> • όνομα " FOOTNOTEJones200633 " ορίζεται πολλές φορές με διαφορετικό περιεχόμενο
↑ ^10,0 ^10,1 Christodoulou (2013), σελ. 206: «By 1993, the genre name ‘drum ‘n’ bass’, which initially emerged as an alternative name for Jamaican instrumental dub tracks in the 1970s, was increasingly used alongside ‘jungle’ to describe records that placed particular emphasis on the drum ‘n’ bass elements».

[FOOTNOTEQuinn20021-1] Quinn (2002), σελ. 1: «From its emergence in the English hardcore rave scene of 1991-2, the music that came to be known as drum’n’bass evolved at such a pace that by the late 1990s it stood as one of the most energetic and influential of the post-house musics».

[FOOTNOTEHockman20121-2] Hockman (2012), σελ. 1: «Hardcore began around 1990, and was the first of the HJDB (hardcore, jungle, drum and bass) genres to fully embrace the use of breakbeats. Tracks soon left the 120–130 beats per minute (BPM) house and techno standard and steadily became faster (upwards of 180 BPM), with longer, more intricate drum patterns».

[FOOTNOTEChristodoulou2013195-3] Christodoulou (2013), σελ. 195: «Drum ‘n’ bass is an electronic dance music genre with tempos typically between 160 BPM to 180 BPM».

[:0-4] «Jungle/Drum'n'Bass Music Genre Overview». AllMusic (στα Αγγλικά). Ανακτήθηκε στις 9 Δεκεμβρίου 2018. Jungle is the most rhythmically complex of all forms of techno, relying on extremely fast polyrhythms and breakbeats. Usually, it's entirely instrumental -- it is among the hardest of all hardcore techno, often consisting of nothing but fast drum machines and deep bass.

[:11-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Peter Childs· Michael Storry (1999). «Ambient music». Encyclopaedia of Contemporary British Culture. Encyclopedias of Contemporary Culture. Λήμμα από τον Simon Bottom. Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο: Routledge. σελ. 289. ISBN 0415147263. Jungle is a form of dance music characterized by the use of high-speed (usually around 160 beats per minute), highly syncopated drums and simple looped bass lines [...] Jungle (sometimes also known as ‘drum ’n’ bass’)...».

[FOOTNOTEHall2018121-6] Hall (2018), σελ. 121: «From 1993, the term ‘drum ‘n’ bass’ started to be used to describe a new direction for the musical style, which was a move that would come to be seen by some as divisive in terms of race and class. The new style became fully established during 1994 as some producers tried to distance themselves from jungle’s increasingly negative associations by constructing complex drum and bass driven tracks rather than using lyrics and samples».

[FOOTNOTERabb200113-7] Rabb (2001), σελ. 13: «Even though these styles are similar, they do have their differences. The difference between jungle and drum 'n' bass is fairly simple. Jungle is more random and syncopated using sixteenth notes within the groove. Drum 'n' bass grooves are much simpler grooves and usually slightly slower in tempo».

[FOOTNOTEWaugh20003,_11-8] 8,0 ^8,1 Waugh (2000), σελ. 3, 11: «Is it Jungle or is it Drum & Bass? The two terms are often used interchangeably although Drum & Bass is generally regarded as an offshoot of Jungle». Σφάλμα αναφοράς: Μη έγκυρη ετικέτα <ref> • όνομα " FOOTNOTEWaugh20003, 11 " ορίζεται πολλές φορές με διαφορετικό περιεχόμενο

[FOOTNOTEJones200633-9] 9,0 ^9,1 Jones (2006), σελ. 33: «Even though these styles are similar, they do have their differences. The difference between jungle and drum 'n' bass is fairly simple. Jungle is more random and syncopated using sixteenth notes within the groove. Drum 'n' bass grooves are much simpler grooves and usually slightly slower in tempo». Σφάλμα αναφοράς: Μη έγκυρη ετικέτα <ref> • όνομα " FOOTNOTEJones200633 " ορίζεται πολλές φορές με διαφορετικό περιεχόμενο

[FOOTNOTEChristodoulou2013206-10] 10,0 ^10,1 Christodoulou (2013), σελ. 206: «By 1993, the genre name ‘drum ‘n’ bass’, which initially emerged as an alternative name for Jamaican instrumental dub tracks in the 1970s, was increasingly used alongside ‘jungle’ to describe records that placed particular emphasis on the drum ‘n’ bass elements».

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